Ernest Hemingway, the Writer of Lost Generation Essay

Living in the overwhelming burden of the war, the â€Å"Lost Generation†, which Ernest Hemingway was a part of, was a group of people spending their spring of life in warfare and aftereffect of war (Lost Generation). He was a laureate of the Novel Prize in Literature in 1954 as an influential American novelist. Ernest Hemingway expressed his experience and sentiments in his writings, exerting profound impact on American Literature (Nobel Prize). His birth, upbringing, employment, literary works, and effect on his contemporary style and subsequent generations summarize his itinerant life. Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, a suburban village adjoining to the city of Chicago in Illinois (Britanica). Hemingway was born†¦show more content†¦He also served as a manager of the school track and field team, showing his active nature. Along with his sports activities, he displayed a remarkable capability and interest in English class and journalism, further guiding him to write and submit his piece to The Trapeze, the school newspaper† (Wikipedia). In contrast to peoples’ assumption that he might have attended college for professional education, his formal schooling at Oak Park High school was all of his education. Going against his parents’ expectation, he started his career as a journalist for The Kansas City Star right after the graduation (Funk Wagnalls). Despite his short days at The Kansas City Star, working as a cub reporter for six months greatly influenced him, providing him a foundation for his writing. The Star’s guide, encouraging reporters to write short, simple, energetic sentences, pervaded greatly through his writing style (Wikipedia). During the World War I, Hemingway volunteered as an ambulance driver in Italy, signing to Red Cross recruitment (Funk Wagnalls). â€Å"Working in Italy, bringing chocolates and cigarettes for the soldiers, he got a severe wound from mortar fire. In spite of his injury, he helped out an Italian soldier, carrying the men to a safe haven. As an outcome, he received the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery and needed to stay at the hospital for six months† (Wikipedia). Hemingway, recovering from his physical wounds and mental trauma from the war, rested andShow MoreRelatedErnest Hemingway s The Lost Generation885 Words   |  4 PagesErnest Hemingway was a famous modernist writer during the 20th century. Hemingway was part of what was known as â€Å"The Lost Generation† this name arose post-World War 1. The modernist movement was a drastic change in numerous things such as art and literature. Ernest contributed much to this movement with his literary works. World War 1 played a major role in not only modernism, but also Hemingway’s writing. Ernest Miller Hemingway was a modernist writer who took his experiences from World War 1 andRead MoreThe Story Of The Lost Generation1661 Words   |  7 Pages Brodie Wiener PIB LA 10 Period 3 Hensley 3 April 2015 The Story of the Lost Generation Living an spontaneous, carefree life like the characters in The Sun Also Rises do sounds like fun but it isn t what it seems. Ernest Hemingway writes a piece of literature that when looked upon through a new historicist critical perspective exposes the underlying truth and an uglier reality that is normally suppressed presents itself. New historicist criticism in a nutshell is arguing that the literature isRead MoreErnest Hemingway, a Legacy for American Literature1550 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway, A legacy for American Literature Some say that Hemingways personal life should disqualify him from the literature canon. They state that his torrent affairs, his alcoholism, and his mental state should preclude him from entry into the canon. These are the very things that help to make Hemingway a unique writer. Although his genre is fiction, he relies on his real life experiences with the people and places that he visited. The very definition of the literary canon disputes theseRead MoreHemingway vs. Fitzgerald1518 Words   |  7 Pagesreferred to as the â€Å"Lost Generation.† This was a time of hopelessness and heartache from the damages of the war which caused carelessness and lack of responsibility. Everyone was affected in some way and often could not handle the situation, usually turning to alcohol to relieve all problems. According to Gertrude Stein, the literary figures of the 1920’s â€Å"drank themselves to death†, especially two of the greatest writers of the 20th century, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway. Although both authorsRead MoreA Clean Well Lighted Place Summary1203 Words   |  5 PagesPart I: The Lost Generation â€Å"The Lost Generation† Article Questions The authors included in the Lost Generation are, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, Sherwood Anderson, Kay Boyle, Hart Crane, Ford Maddox, and Zelda Fitzgerald. The common elements and themes that these authors pursued in their personal lives as well as their writing were brutal war experiences, their youthful and impractical actions such as love affairs and drinking, feeling lost and hopeless in societyRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 PagesWhite Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). These are the three different scenarios that have been seriously considered in Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†. Ernest Hemingway is a great writer, he worked as a reporterRead MoreErnest Hemingway s The Sun942 Words   |  4 PagesErnest Hemingway lived a fairly normal childhood. He was born on July 21st, 1899 to Grace and Clarence Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois. He was heavily influenced by nature as a young man and would take summer trips to Walloon Lake in Michigan (Ernest 1). During his stay, he would participate in hunting and fishing. His passion for nature influenced many parts in his works, such as the fishing trip in his novel, The Sun Also Rises. Hemingway grew up in a well educated and rather wealthy householdRead More Paris in the 1920’s – â€Å"The Lost Generation† Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesParis in the 1920’s – â€Å"The Lost Generation† Between the end of the First World War and Hitlers seizure of power a cultural explosion occurred in Paris that altered our notions of art and reality and shaped our way of viewing the world ever since. In the 1920s, Paris became the undisputed international capital of pleasure and was regarded as the cultural and artistic center of Europe with a reputation for staging one of its most glamorous eras, as well as some of the most spectacularRead MoreTaking a Look at the Jazz Age1600 Words   |  6 Pageshis literature. Another piece of literature affected by the times of the Jazz Age, was Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises. The novel is about a young soldier, who returned from the War, and went to work as a journalist in Paris. â€Å"Less than ten years after the end of World War I, the novel helped define his generation: disillusioned young people whose lives were profoundly affected by the war.† (Hemingway) The Sexual Revolution of the 1920s impacted novels l ike Married Love by Marie Stopes, andRead MoreThe Characteristics of Hemingways Works2503 Words   |  11 PagesThe Characteristics of Hemingway’s Works Ernest Hemingway, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize of Literature in 1954, occupies an outstanding position in the American literature. He is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. Hemingway is famous for his distinct writing style and his â€Å"Code Hero.† In addition, his many great works are based on his experiences of war. Hemingway’s writing style is arguably the most distinctive characteristic

Blindness The Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison - 1413 Words

The motif of blindness is found all throughout literature. The purpose of blindness allows a character or reader to see beyond what other characters can see. The two types of blindness are if a character is figuratively blind where the character refuses to see certain things others can see or physically blind where they have a physical trait that prevents them from seeing the reality of things. The motif of blindness is found in works of literature such as The Kite Runner. In the novel, Assef is blinded in one eye by Sohrab. This symbolizes how Assef is blind to the pain that he caused to Sohrab. Even Though Assef remains a racist for the remainder of his life, at the end he realizes that the one who blinded him is the only one that knows†¦show more content†¦The white cloth symbolizes the vulnerability of the black youths. There are blind to what is going on around them as well as they are blind to the idea now that the white men now have power over the black youths. As soo n as the cloth is put on the Narrator, the Narrator feels â€Å"a sudden fit of blind terror† (21). This terror that the Narrator experiences are the uncertainty of what is going to occur and the invisibility that the white men are inflicting pain on the black youths for entertainment. The Battle Royal scene establishes how that the black youths are â€Å"blind† to the manipulation of the white men. The events such as being forced to look at a naked woman dancing to then being blindfolded to fight establishes the theme that blindness is a result of how people want others to be seen. When the Narrator arrives at the state college, the Narrator passes by a statue of the Founder with a veil over his â€Å"empty eyes† (36). The Narrator describes the eyes of the Founder this way because they look upon the world that does not exist. While studying the statue, the Narrator wonders â€Å"whether the veil is really being lifted, or lowered more firmly in place† (36). If the veil is being lowered to cover the eyes of the Founder, then the person lowering the veil is blinding the man. Throughout the book, the Narrator as well as other students at the college value the Founder’s help of the â€Å"poor, ignorant people out of mire and darkness† (99). If the man handingShow MoreRelatedInvisibility in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagesunseen by anyone. In popular media, the hero is also often portrayed as being invisible, going behind the enemys back to complete his or her mission. In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man, this v iew of invisibility is reversed; rather than being invisible and getting noticed, a man is in plain sight of everyone- however, due to a slew of stereotypes and prejudices, nobody recognizes what he accomplishes. Beginning his journey as a man who stays out of the way by doing what he is told, he is quickly forcedRead MoreCure for Blindness - Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pages Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man was a crucial literary tool in raising awareness of and forwarding the equal rights movement for African Americans when it reached readers of all races in the 1950s. The Cultural Contexts for Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man claims that the novel envisions nothing less than undoing African Americans cultural dispossession. Ellisons words are indeed an eloquent unraveling of social stereotypes and racisms. He employs allegorical conceptions of blindness and invisibilityRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1481 Words   |  6 PagesInvisible Man is a nove l by Ralph Ellison, published in 1952. It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans in the early twentieth century. This includes black nationalism, the relationship between black identity and Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity. The grandson of slaves, Ralph Ellison was born in 1914 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and was raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma. HisRead More The Search for Identity in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesThe Search for Identity in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man It is through the prologue and epilogue, that we understand the deeper meanings of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man. The prologue is essential, laying down a foundation that allows us to understand the meaning and reason behind the symbolism and relevance of events the that follow. The prologue allows us to understand the extent and level of intensity the novel is trying to achieve. Acting in the same way, the epilogue further illustratesRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison1409 Words   |  6 Pagescome. However, in Ralph Ellison’s novel, The Invisible Man, the prologue serves as the beginning of the end, in preparation for an epilogue that revisits the narrator’s original inner conflict at the end of a personal narrative. Situated in a hidden underground cellar, the main character, the Invisible Man recounts the journey of his naive youth from the American south to the seemingly optimistic north in Harlem, New York. However, through several unjust experi ences, the Invisible Man doubts the possibilityRead MoreCritical Analysis: Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesIn Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, we are presented with an unnamed narrator whose values and potentials are invisible to the world around him. Throughout the entirety of the novel, we see the unnamed narrator, also known as the Invisible Man, struggle in an attempt to uncover his identity buried beneath African American oppression and an aggregation of deception. Ellison shows us how lies and deceit may serve as a grave but invaluable obstacle to one’s journey to find their identity. Through theRead MoreEssay on Racism in Invisible Man838 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-Americans have faced for hundreds of years. American literature has been noted for its sometimes controversial, but outspokenness of issues faced by people and minorities. Ralph Ellison is considered one of these authors after his novel Invisible Man. It was published in 1953, before the Civil Rights Movement really got strong. Ellison confronts the various forms of racism in this novel. His works explores a theme that the American society ignores and oppresses African-Americans. Ellison’s work goes beyondRead MoreAnalysis Of Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison1665 Words   |  7 PagesRyan LaFleche 2-21-16 Dr. Valkeakari AMS 365 The Complexity of Identity in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison Invisible Man (1952), written by Ralph Ellison, tells the story of a young, college- educated African American man struggling to survive and succeed in a society that is racially divided that refuses to consider him to be a human being. Taking place in the late 1920s and early 1930s, this novel describes the extraordinary journey of an unnamed African AmericanRead MoreInvisible, Invisible Man, By Ralph Ellison1994 Words   |  8 PagesInvisible Race and Gender in Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison In Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the unnamed narrator shows us through the use motifs and symbols how racism and sexism negatively affect the social class and individual identity of the oppressed people. Throughout the novel, the African American narrator tells us the story of his journey to find success in life which is sabotaged by the white-dominated society in which he lives in. Along his journey, we are also shown how the patriarchyRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Invisible Man683 Words   |  3 PagesRalph Ellison wrote the book Invisible Man in the summer of 1945, while on sick leave from the Merchant Marines. Invisible Man is narrated in the first person by an unnamed African American who sees himself as invisible to society. This character is perceived and may be inspired by Ellison himself. Ellison manages to develop a strong philosophy through this character and portrays his struggle to search for his identity. He uses metaphors throughout the book of his invisibility and the blindness of

Controversy Surrounding Animal Testing in the Cosmetic Industry Free Essays

string(272) " study and develop a fundamental understanding of the role of the controversy that surrounds animal testing in the cosmetic industry, a qualitative approach utilizing a questionnaire structure together with industry review was determined to be appropriate \(Yin 2003, pp\." Abstract This literature review is focused on the controversy that surrounds animal testing in the cosmetic industry. Utilizing a examination of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches this research provides an inclusive means to gather relevant data. The results show the benefits of a well-rounded and balanced qualitative research approach. We will write a custom essay sample on Controversy Surrounding Animal Testing in the Cosmetic Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now This study could be applied to any study of methodology. Research Philosophy Research in the field of animal testing in the cosmetic industry that utilizes the Positivism, or quantitative, Interpretivism, or qualitative and Post Positivism, a hybrid of both will be examined in order to determine which method is the most relevant to a study of corporate social responsibility in the oil industry. These methods are created in such a way that provides critical information that allows for a credible examination of the strengths and weaknesses in the underlying industry (King, Keohane and Verba 1994, pp. 3). This evaluation will allow for an interpretation of actions based on gathered evidence which will provide insight into the most relevant method of researching the corporate social responsibility elements in any industry. Quantitative methods assist in the discovery and assessment of empirical evidence through statistical patterns, while the qualitative methods enable a wide range of the subjects experience to be added to the research (Yin 2003, pp. 16). This form of analysis will aid in the evaluation of the justification of approaches to animal testing in the cosmetics industry. This section will include the research method, sampling, reliability, validity and data analysis process. Research Approach Despite the potential ethical and moral issues surrounding animal experimentation in the cosmetics industry, Kimmel (2007, pp. 5) utilized a quantitative method employing the Positivism approach that argued that the end result has produced substantial results benefiting the fate of the human race. His approach illustrates the benefits that can be achieved through the construction of empirical evidence based on scientific methods. Studies including the potential for a large data set benefit substantially by the positivist approach Anderson (2006, pp. 111) also used the quantitative method to employ the positivist philosophy in order to ascribe the instruments of deductive reasoning and sound hypothesis testing to achieve his objectives. His studies goal to evaluate the impact of the neural mechanisms on the emotional response to the fear stimuli was ably achieved through the implementation of the large sample sets examined in the quantitative manner. The benefits attributed to the end results have been credited with illustrating the links that exist between the behavioural manipulation potential and the fight or flight response (Anderson 2006, pp. 111). This approach can be credited with an objective view of the world that allows the subjective experience to unfold. Neal (1985, pp. 423) strongly supports the notion of animal testing citing his quantitative studies employing the approach to examining associated social attitudes. With the concept of better living standards for the animals involved as well as advanced diagnostic methods for future animal generations, his approach was founded on the belief that the animals studied were separate from the human element, yet entitled to many of the living conditions. His view of this argument justifies the use of the animals through the development of their capacity to live well, demanded a close, dependant relationship with the subjects, which in turn is a net positive for all involved. Conversely, DeGrazia (1996, pp. 75) argues that animals are due equal consideration, and employing a post-positivist qualitative approach, based on a mixed method that determined that the moral and ethical utilization of animals in the testing process is wrong. He justifies his approach by ascribing a moral status and the need for an equal approach to the testing process. In this instance the study made sure that the researcher was removed from the subjects. Wilhelmus (2013, pp. 1) utilizes the qualitative post positivism approach in order to evaluate a large number of subjects to the Draize eye test. This form of analysis employed a large number of animals in the quest to determine the influence of external irritants on the eye. The utilization of qualitative data and surveys enabled a quality assessment of conditions that illustrates the full range of potential. The need to expose a large number of subjects to chemicals in order to achieve credible results was rewarded with substantial steps forward in the industry (Loprieno1992, pp. 809). The utilization of the scientific method, in close proximity with the subjects, in order to create empirical evidence, coupled with experience is a viable practice when facing large numbers of potential subjects. The area of animal testing, in every form, is credited with allowing major advances in the production of medicines and cosmetics (Marzulli and Maibach 1983, pp. 281). With a proven value that enables the ability to combat skin disease in both the human and animal kingdom, the justification for the methodology is argued to lie in the medical advances. Further supporting the benefits of the practice of quantitative studies, Bronaugh and Maibach (1999, pp. 167) point to the demonstrative aspects of the results which assist in determining the end parameters of the research. The converse ethical argument points to the unreliability of many of the test results to the large difference between species (PETA 2013, pp. 2). Both the qualitative and the quantitative approach have been utilized in an applicable manner, yet, the most relevant form for a well-balanced study of the animal testing in the cosmetic industry would be found in the qualitative mixed Post Positivist approach, as employed by Wilhemus (2013, pp. 1) and Degrazia (1996, pp. 72). This method allows the production of empirical data via the questionnaires, alongside the addition of personal experience which will be essential in the study of the animal testing in cosmetics industry. The potential for large sample groups during the examination will be addressed in the approach, thereby adding to the value and potential of the application. Research Strategy In order to achieve the goal of this study and develop a fundamental understanding of the role of the controversy that surrounds animal testing in the cosmetic industry, a qualitative approach utilizing a questionnaire structure together with industry review was determined to be appropriate (Yin 2003, pp. You read "Controversy Surrounding Animal Testing in the Cosmetic Industry" in category "Essay examples" 16). Yin (2003, pp. 16) argues that the use reliable elements in any given analysis adds to the overall substance of the results. This approach will provide the foundation for an inclusive well rounded study. Studies that utilize empirical research advance due to theory and logical inquiry that are developed alongside each another (Yin 2003, pp. 15). Data Collection Data for this study will be collected the through questionaries’ and case studies in a qualitative approach we (Yin 2003, pp. 16). This method allows for a perception of balance in the results. Data Analysis It is vital to efficiently decode, interpret and examine qualitative research findings (Pope, Ziebland and Mays 2000, pp. 20). Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability Reliability and validity are argued to be one of the most critical aspects of data analysis and collection during research (Miles and Huberman 1994, pp. 23). The credibility of quantitative results is in the associated reliability of the data and methods as well as the underlying findings. Silverman (2006, pp. 21) illustrates that reliability can be created when respondents fully understand the question. This must be present in order so that the responses can be coded correctly. Codification is achieved by formulating questions as directly as possible, avoiding any obvious forms of ambiguity (Silverman, 2006, pp. 23). Before starting each questionnaire a brief explanation of the research as well as its themes are given to the interviewees. This facet enables interviewees to understand the exact meaning of the questions which were asked. In each instance the subjects should be informed with the same information and starting point for the discussion, this serves to putting each person at ease (Silverman 2006, pp. 24). The potential method in which to achieve validity is through the comparison of different kinds of data, this is referred to as triangulation (Silverman 2006, pp. 25). This approach illustrates that the results have demonstrated that triangulation helps to assure the truth status of each person. The truth status was further cemented by assuring that the personal information, alongside information about the interviewees firm would be treated confidentially. Finally, the findings are promised to be reported anonymously. This anonymous strategy was applied because anonymity is presumed to improve the content of truth of the interviewees’ responses (Silverman 2006, pp. 25). Ethical Issues Ethical issues should be clearly and directly addressed in order to alleviate potential issues (Yin 2003, pp. 17). Research Limitations The primary limitation to this study stems from the methodology utilized. Qualtitative studies often are subject to a large amount of variables that have the potential to alter the results (Creswell 2003, pp. 53). The answers to the questionaries’ are often dependent of the background of the person being interviewed (Creswell 2003, pp. 51). This fact tempers the final results of the study. References Anderson, M. 2006. Tasks and techniques. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Bronaugh, R. and Maibach, H. 1999. Percutaneous absorption. New York: Dekker. Creswell, J. 2003. Research design. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Degrazia, D. 1996. Taking animals seriously. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ec.europa.eu. 2013. Ban on animal testing – European Commission. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/sectors/cosmetics/animal-testing/ [Accessed: 8 Aug 2013]. Kimmel, A. 2007. Ethical issues in behavioral research. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.. King, G., Keohane, R. and Verba, S. 1994. Designing social inquiry. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Marzulli, F. and Maibach, H. 1983. Dermatotoxicology. Washington: Hemisphere Pub. Corp.. Miles, M., Huberman, A., Hlady Rispal, M. and Bonniol, J. 2003. Analyse des donnees qualitatives. Bruxelles: De Boeck universite. Miller, N. 1985. The value of Behavioral Research on Animals. Teh Rockefeller University, 40 (4), pp. 423-440. PETA.org. 2013.. Cosmetics and Household-Product Animal Testing. [online] Available at: http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/cosmetic-household-products-animal-testing.aspx [Accessed: 8 Aug 2013]. Pope, C., Ziebland, S., Mays, N. 2000. Analysing qualitative data. BMJ, 320(7227), 114-116. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7227.114 Silverman, D. 2006. Interpreting Qualitative Data (3 ed.). Oxford: The Alden Press. Yin, R. 2003. Case study research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Questionnaire: Controversy around animal testing and experimentation in the cosmetics industry Is animal testing in the field of cosmetics beneficial Should animals be subject to death in order to determine the level of toxicity in proposed cosmetics product Yes No. Should skin irritation testing be tested on mice if the animal in question will not feel any ill effects Yes. No. Would you employ alternative methods over live animals in the cosmetics industry Yes. No. Should the test animal be restrained during a testing Yes. No. Is it allowable for a product to not be tested prior to market entry Yes. No. If a test on a non-animal subject is considered inconclusive, should a live animal test be utilized Yes. No. Is the European ban on animal testing a positive step Yes. No. Should international companies that utilize animal testing be able to sell products in markets that ban the practice Yes. No. Given the long history of animal testing, do you think that the practice has served to keep the general public safe Yes. No. Is the potential for medical advances a good enough reason to use animals in testing Yes. No. Does the prospect of an animal’s death stop you from allowing it to be used in the cosmetic industry Yes. No. Can advances in technology fully replace the animal in the laboratory Yes. No. Given the lack of similarity between subjects do you believe the results of animal testing are worth the process Yes. No. What is your ethical and moral position on the practice of animal testing in the cosmetic industry What are the primary benefits that are attributed to the practice of animal testing in the cosmetics industry What are the primary detriments to the practice of animal testing in the cosmetic industry What do you believe the future holds for the practice of animal testing in the cosmetics industry Do you believe that animal testing has been beneficial for the animals standard of life Is the practice of animal testing weakening the ability of the animal to survive How to cite Controversy Surrounding Animal Testing in the Cosmetic Industry, Essay examples